| Basından: The Economist dergisinin Turkiye yorumu |
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 baranselias bildirdi: "2006-02-06 09:28:32 - After the crises of the 1970s Turkey abandoned import substitution and opted for an open economy, in line with international trends. Liberalisation of the domestic economy also began, but it remains mixed. Despite some privatisation, infrastructure, utilities, many basic industries, some food-processing industries and about 30% of the banking sector are still owned by the state. Under pressure from the IMF and the World Bank, privatisation and liberalisation has begun or is imminent in most of these areas.
The economy is driven primarily by private consumer demand, which accounts for around 70% of nominal GDP, compared with about 15% of GDP for public consumption. Fixed capital investment demand accounted for about 25% of GDP in the mid-1990s, with the private sector supplying up to 80% of this, but the share of investment in GDP has since slipped, mainly because of sluggish private investment. In 2001 and 2002 total fixed investment accounted for only some 17% of GDP, with over 30% of this carried out by the public sector. The share of exports of goods and services in GDP shot up to over 30% in 2001, a year of recession in which domestic demand contracted sharply, but exports rose sharply, mainly thanks to the devaluation of the lira. This was the first time exports had accounted for more than 25% of GDP. In 2002 the share of exports was 28.8%. Imports of goods and services amount to about 30% of GDP.Manufacturing and services are the major sectorsOn a sectoral basis, the share of agriculture in GDP declined steadily in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, but it subsequently stabilised at around 15%, with variations depending mainly on prices, weather conditions and the performance of other sectors. In 2001 and 2002, agriculture contributed only 12% of nominal GDP. It nevertheless continues to account for about one-quarter of male employment and 60% of female employment. Industry (excluding construction) accounts for about 25% of GDP and just under 20% of employment. Industry is dominated by the manufacturing industry; the private manufacture of consumer goods—led by textiles and clothing, motor vehicles and consumer electronics—has been the most dynamic sector of the economy in recent years. Construction contributed 5-6% of GDP in 1995-2001, down from 6-8% of GDP in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 2002 the share of construction in GDP fell further to just over 4%.The contribution of services to GDP has risen steadily. Trade (including hotels and catering) accounts for about 20% of GDP, while transport and communications contributes some 15%. Public services account for around 10% of GDP. The share of the services sector in employment is over 40%.Four regions dominate industry and businessThe Marmara region, including Istanbul, Izmit and Bursa, in north-west Turkey, accounts for about one-third of GDP. The regions centring on Izmir in the west, the Adana-Mersin-Iskenderun triangle in the south and the capital, Ankara, are also significant areas of industrial and other business development. Outside these areas there are few large private-sector operations. However, several cities within relatively easy reach of these areas (for example, Denizli, Konya, Kayseri and Gaziantep near the Syrian border) have attracted significant investment in sectors such as textiles, food-processing and furniture. The south and west enjoy the lion’s share of income from both tourism and agriculture. Antalya, on the south coast, is the leading tourist destination.
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Tarih: 6.02.2006 Saat: 09:28 Gönderen: webmaster |
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